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Binomial Distribution Calculator

Work out exact and cumulative binomial probabilities — enter the number of trials, the chance of success and how many successes you want, and see every step.

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How the Binomial Distribution Calculator Works

A binomial distribution answers questions like "if I toss a coin 10 times, what is the chance of exactly 5 heads?" You need three numbers: n, the number of trials; p, the probability of success on a single trial; and k, the number of successes you are asking about. The calculator works out P(X = k) with the binomial formula P(X = k) = C(n, k) × pk × (1 - p)n-k, and shows the combinations count and the substituted numbers so you can follow the working.

It also gives the cumulative probabilities — P(X ≤ k), P(X ≥ k), P(X < k) and P(X > k) — plus the mean n × p, the variance n × p × (1 - p) and the standard deviation. Below the answers there is a probability table for every value of k from 0 to n (for large n it shows the key rows instead). Try the example: n = 10, p = 0.5, k = 5 gives P(X = 5) = 0.246094, about a 24.61% chance, with a mean of 5.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a binomial distribution?
A binomial distribution describes the number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials, where each trial has the same probability of success. Tossing a coin 10 times and counting the heads is a binomial distribution with n = 10 and p = 0.5.
How do you calculate a binomial probability?
Use P(X = k) = C(n, k) x p^k x (1 - p)^(n-k). C(n, k) counts the ways to choose k successes from n trials, p^k is the chance those k trials succeed, and (1 - p)^(n-k) is the chance the rest fail. The calculator shows each of these numbers.
What is the mean of a binomial distribution?
The mean is n x p and the variance is n x p x (1 - p). For 10 coin tosses with p = 0.5, the mean is 5 heads and the variance is 2.5.

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